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BACK

GINT 740

CONDUCT AND FORMULATION OF U.S. FOREIGN POLICY

Spring 2004

Jerel Rosati

Department of Political Scinece

Gambrell Hall 420

777-2981

Rosati@sc.edu

Please read the syllabus carefully for I have given great thought to the development of this course.

OBJECTIVES

The purpose of the course is to provide the foundation to allow you to arrive at a strong understanding of the complex politics of U.S. foreign policy. This is to be accomplished: 1) by providing you with a broad and intensive survey of information and knowledge of the foreign policy process of the United States, 2) by familiarizing you with different sources and interpretations of U.S. foreign policy, 3) by providing important context and improve your ability to analyze, synthesize, and communicate, and 4) by relating the course material to the contemporary politics of U.S. foreign policy. The course should broaden and deepen your substantive and historical knowledge of U.S. foreign policy. In addition, the course should improve your general learning potential and level of professional competence. It is hoped that by the end of the semester you will find the course to be informative, interesting and enjoyable.

REQUIREMENTS

Students are expected to engage in a considerable amount of reading and will be evaluated through class participation, written papers, and a (optional) final examination. The intent behind these requirements is to have you study and think about the course material throughout the semester--to provide you with numerous opportunities to demonstrate the knowledge you have acquired and to get feedback--in order to maximize your ability to learn and grow as a student.

1. Direct Participation (10%). In order to get the most out of class, you must be prepared when you come to class. Students are required to complete the readings prior to class meetings and to come to class ready to discuss them. You are also expected to keep abreast of current international issues. I expect everyone to participate actively in the discussion of the day.

You may also be asked to complete very short exercises, usually written, in class and out of class revolving around communicating an understanding of the readings. SHOULD YOU MISS A CLASS, YOU ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR LEARNING WHAT WENT ON IN CLASS FROM YOUR CLASSMATES.

2. Three Writing Assignments (30% each). There will be three writing opportunities during the semester. The three writing assignments consist of: i) a legislative history and political analysis paper, ii) a public opinion and comparative analysis paper, and iii) a case study and political analysis paper. All assignments are to be completed on time and well-written. Grades for late assignments will be lowered by their tardiness. Further information about the written essays will be provided at a future time.

3. Final Examination (optional). The final will consist of essays and will be cumulative, focusing on the general points and major concepts/questions addressed in the readings and in class. Your essays should demonstrate your mastery and thoughtful consideration of the material, and should explicitly discuss and integrate the readings. You will receive a study guide in advance of the examination to help you prepare.

Late assignments. If you cannot fulfill a requirement by the due date, I (or the GINT office, 7-7686) MUST BE CONTACTED WITHIN 24 HOURS OF THE DUE DATE and provided a legitimate explanation (e.g., medical illness). Assignments which are allowed to be completed after the due date will be expected to meet higher standards given the additional time granted.

GRADES

Your grade will be based, not on how well you do compared to others in the class, but on the quality of substantive knowledge, quality of analysis, and effective communication demonstrated--in other words, the level of understanding demonstrated. An A represents "excellence"; a B+ represents "very good"; a B represents "good". Grades below B indicate that the level of work in the course is below the level expected of graduate students. Therefore, you should work together and help each other out.

TEACHING PHILOSOPHY AND STRATEGY

The class will be structured around what I call a class dialogue in which information, knowledge, and thought will be generated through lecture/background, discussion, and the Socratic method. I will often play the role of provocateur and advocate to stimulate participation. The class dialogue emphasizes the importance of student participation and ACTIVE LEARNING as a means to improve one's skills, interest, information, knowledge, and, ultimately, understanding. In essence, class discussions will consist of an active exchange between the student and professor. When deemed necessary, background will be provided for some of the more difficult material and to provide appropriate context.

The class is organized around the required readings. I expect every student to come to class prepared and ready to participate. Every student should be able to summarize and analyze each assigned reading and place it in perspective relative to the rest of the course material by addressing the following questions:

1. What is the author's purpose?

2. What is the basic theme(s) or argument(s) of the reading?

3. What are the most important historical events, information, concepts, etc., discussed in the reading?

4. How does this reading relate to the other readings, the central themes of the course, and contemporary politics?

5. How powerful or weak is the argument and the evidence? Why?

Students also are encouraged to offer comments or questions which contribute to class discussions on a regular basis.

NATURE OF THE COURSE

One ultimate purpose of higher education and the offering of this course is to broaden your knowledge and understanding about the world around you--to learn about things that you probably don't know much about and to think about things that you haven't given much thought to. At the same time, I recognize that many individuals hold strong beliefs and feelings about the United States, often based more on faith and emotion rather than substantive knowledge. Therefore, much of the material in this course may be controversial and will challenge you to think about many beliefs and assumptions you hold (and have rarely examined).

Your role is to act as student, social scientist, or policy analyst, not policymaker, activist, or true believer. Remember, our goal is to better understand reality--in this case the history and contemporary practice of U.S. foreign policy--regardless of what your feelings and opinions are about that reality. Learning and understanding are to be accomplished through the accumulation of information and knowledge and reliance on an open and critical mind.

Hopefully, this course will increase your knowledge by having you acquire:

i) lots of information,

ii) appreciate the complexity and contradictions of political reality,

iii) recognize patterns and make generalizations supported by evidence, and

iv) recognize and think about different views (including my view which I will provide).

These are the building blocks to knowledge and understanding.

ABOUT THE INSTRUCTOR

Jerel Rosati is a Professor of political science and international studies and has been a member of the Department of Political Science (formerly Department of Government & International Studies) at Carolina since 1982. His intellectual interests range from American politics and history, United States foreign policy, the Vietnam War and the sixties to the dynamics of world politics and global change, the nature of human interaction, and political psychology. His area of specialization is the theory and practice of foreign policy, focusing on the United States policymaking process, decision-making theory, and the political psychological study of human cognition. He has been awarded the Outstanding Professor of the Year in the Humanities and Social Sciences by the South Carolina (Honors) College, the Outstanding Teacher in International Studies in the Department of Government & International Studies, Excellence in Teaching by the University of South Carolina Alpha Chapter of the Mortar Board Honor Society, and Outstanding Teacher in Political Science by the American Political Science Association and Pi Sigma Alpha (The National Political Science Honor Society). In addition to the usual undergraduate and graduate students, he has also been awarded, and participated in, a number of instructional grants at the state and federal level (usually through the U.S. Department of State) as Academic Director, Field Director, and/or Project Director where he has taught students and scholars from all over the world, including Bulgarians, Chinese, Israelis and Palestinians, Somalis, Master’s of International Business students, and high school teachers. In 2002 he was the Program Director and Academic Director of a U.S. Department of State Fulbright American Studies Institute on U.S. Foreign Policy for 18 scholars-practitioners from all over the world (which was renewed in 2003). He has been a Visiting Professor at Somalia National University in Mogadishu and Visiting Scholar at China’s Foreign Affairs College in Beijing. He is the author of over forty articles and chapters, as well as five books including The Carter Administration's Quest for Global Community: Beliefs and Their Impact on Behavior, The Politics of United States Foreign Policy (3^rd edition and translated in Mandarin Chinese), The Power of Human Needs in World Society, Foreign Policy Restructuring: How Governments Respond to Global Change, and Readings in the Politics of U.S. Foreign Policy. He also has been a Research Associate in the Foreign Affairs and National Defense Division of the Library of Congress's Congressional Research Service, President of the International Studies Association's Foreign Policy Analysis Section, and President of the Southern region of the International Studies Association. He is happily married and the father of three children (and a fourth step-daughter, one cat, and one dog) and enjoys travel, athletics, music, reading, good company, and relaxing. He came of age during the early seventies as an undergraduate at U.C.L.A when the events surrounding the Vietnam War and Watergate reached a crescendo, which had a profound impact on his intellectual and personal development to the present day.

CONTACTING ME AND INTERACTING

Please feel free to come see me during my office hours or any other time I am free. Late mornings and afternoons on Monday, Wednesday and Friday are the best times this semester. If you have any questions or complications that I should be aware, feel free to contact me.

The best way to contact me is probably through class and email. My email address is: rosati@sc.edu. I am good about checking my email and responding throughout the workweek. I am much less likely to check my email during the weekend.

Please check your emails, for I will send you articles and updates on the class.

* * *

THIS SYLLABUS REFLECTS THE EXPECTATIONS AND REQUIREMENTS YOU MUST FULFILL. I EXPECT YOU TO TAKE THE COURSE SERIOUSLY AND WORK AS HARD AS I DO--WHICH IS, AFTERALL, THE KEY TO LEARNING AND INTELLECTUAL GROWTH.

READINGS

The course revolves around the readings--a large, diverse, kaleidoscopic set of readings. Together, the readings below reflect different genres, provide different perspectives and interpretations, and come from a variety of sources. Some of the readings are more scholarly; others are more policy-oriented; and others are more intellectual and journalistic in their orientation. Some are long; some are short. Some are classics; others are more contemporary pieces. A mix of a large number of readings maximizes the acquisition of information, knowledge, and understanding of the politics of United States foreign policy and will hopefully increase interest and readability.

Jerel A. Rosati, The Politics of United States Foreign Policy (Wadsworth, 2004)

Gene Wittkopf and James M. McCormick, editors, The Domestic Sources of American Foreign Policy (Rowman & Littlefield, 2004)

Godfrey Hodgson, America in Our Time (Vintage, 1976) [out-of-print; copies are available at Universal Copies]

Charles R. Morris, A Time of Passion: America 1960-1980 (Penguin, 1986) [out-of-print; can purchase on line at www.amazon.com; www.barnesandnoble.com; www.abe.com]

David Halberstam, War in a Time of Peace: Bush, Clinton and the Generals (Scribner, 2002)

Dana Priest, The Mission: Waging War and Keeping Peace with America’s Military (W.W. Norton, 2003) [may be available in paperback in March]

Joe Conason, Big Lies: The Right-Wing Propaganda Machine and How It Distorts the Truth (St. Martin’s Press, 2003)

Emailed articles. Additional required readings will be emailed to you and/or available on my website, focusing on contemporary affairs and the Bush Administration

The readings are intended to be accessible and diverse so as to improve your ability to acquire an understanding of the dynamics of politics and its real-world relevance. The required readings for each week are specified under Course Topics and Readings below.

Contemporary Affairs. It is also expected that you will follow contemporary affairs through the media during this semester more than you might normally be accustomed. The national news--on network television or on National Public Radio--is strongly encouraged as well. You should also try to familiarize yourself with the litany of magazines and journals which present a host of intellectual, opinion, and policy positions. Such journals can be found in the Thomas Cooper Library, the Richland County Public Library on Assembly Street, and bookstores like Barnes and Noble.

Suggested media sources, predominantly American, for following contemporary affairs. All the sources below can also be found on the web. Remember, this is just a recommended sampling of media sources. There are plenty more American media sources, and lots of quality sources beyond the United States–which is particularly important for becoming informed about world politics. [pp. 524-527 in Rosati’s The Politics of United States Foreign Policy has a list of websites]

* = best sources for American and international news

** = best sources for international news in general

*** = best sources for alternative and diverse news and sources

TV:

National News (ABC, CBS, NBC, CNN)

The News with Brian Williams (MSNBC, CNBC), M-F, 9:00-10:00 and 10:00-11:00 pm

Nightline (ABC), M-F 11:30-12:00 pm

*The News Hour with Jim Lehrer (PBS), M-F 6:00-7:00 pm

This Week with Sam Donaldson & Cokie Roberts (ABC), Sunday 10:30-11:30 am

Face the Nation (CBS), Sunday 12:00-12:30 pm

Meet the Press (NBC), Sunday 9:00-10:00 am

*60 Minutes and 60 Minutes II (CBS), Sunday 7:00-8:00 pm and Wednesday 9:00-10:00pm

*Frontline (PBS), Tuesday 10:00-11:00 pm

CSPAN

MSNBC and CNBC (at night)

Radio:

*Morning Edition (NPR), M-F 6:00-8:00 am

*All Things Considered (NPR), M-F 4:00-6:00 pm

Weekend Edition (NPR), Sat 8:00-10:00 am; Sun 9:00-11:00 am

**The World (NPR), M-F 3:00-4:00 pm

**BBC News

Newspapers:

*New York Times (www.nytimes.com)

*Washington Post (www.washingtonpost.com)

**Christian Science Monitor (www.csmonitor.com)

**International Herald Tribune (www.int.com)

Wall Street Journal

Newsweeklies:

In These Times

Newsweek

Time

U.S. News and World Report

**The Economist (www.economist.com)

**World Press Review (www.worldpress.org )

Intellectual/Opinion journals:

American Prospect

Atlantic Monthly

Commentary

Chronicles

Dissent

Nation

National Review

*New Republic

*New York Review of Books

Progressive

Reason

Utne Reader

Z Magazine

Policy journals:

**Foreign Policy (www.foreignpolicy.com)

*Foreign Affairs (www.foreignaffairs.org)

International Security

*National Interest

Orbis

*World Policy Journal (www.worldpolicy.org/journal)

Department of State Bulletin

Scholarly journals:

International Organization

International Social Science Journal

International Studies Quarterly

International Studies Perspectives

Journal of Conflict Resolution

International Studies Review

Political Psychology

Political Science Quarterly

Presidential Studies Quarterly

World Politics

***SELECTIVE RECOMMENDED WEBSITES.

In addition to perusing the New York Times, Washington Post, The Economist, BBC News, Newsweek, The New Republic, Foreign Policy magazine, and more, these are my favorite sites that uniquely SYNTHESIZE news, information, and opinion from a variety of mainstream and alternative sources:

asheville global report www.agrnews.org

alternet.org http://www.alternet.org/

democracy now     http://www.democracynow.org/

moving ideas     http://www.movingideas.org

buzzflash     http://www.buzzflash.com/

common dreams news center http://www.commondreams.org/

Good cites for lots of LINKS from a variety of organizational and ideological perspectives (in addition to some of the above):

The new york times politics navigator http://www.nytimes.com/library/politics/polpoints.html

the progressive review http://prorev.com/links.htm

people for the american way http://www.pfaw.org/pfaw/general/

turn left: the home of liberalism http://www.cjnetworks.com/~cubsfan/liberal.html

Good sites for links to mainstream and alternative MEDIA AND NEWS SOURCES (OR ORGANIZATIONS) from around the United States and throughout the world::

newslink http://newslink.org

american journalism review http://www.ajr.org/

Other programs, magazines, and literature are available, as well as fictional accounts (e.g., novels, movies and television shows (such as The West Wing and American Dreams) with important political messages.

BACKGROUND AND KEY THEMES

The foreign policy of the United States has experienced important continuities and changes over time. By the twentieth century the United States had become increasingly a global power. Following World War II and with the rise of the cold war, United States foreign policy during the fifties and sixties revolved around the containment of Soviet and communist expansion throughout the world. The cold war years were also a time when the power of the presidency was preeminent in the making of U.S. foreign policy. Yet, over the last thirty years numerous developments have occurred throughout the world and American society that have affected the conduct of U.S. foreign policy. Events such as the Vietnam War, Watergate and the collapse of the Bretton Woods system challenged America’s postwar containment policy and presidential power. The end of the cold war and increasing global security threats have opened up new opportunities and constraints for both U.S. foreign policy and presidential power.

More specifically, students will examine, discuss, debate, and gain practical insights into the history and contemporary formulation of U.S. foreign policy. Five central themes or questions are addressed throughout the class:

1) To what extent is the President able to govern and run U.S. foreign policy, especially national security and foreign economic issues?

2) What have been the dominant patterns of continuity and change in the making of U.S. foreign policy over time, including the role of the government and domestic institutions? In other words, how is U.S. foreign policy really made?

3)How have the tensions between the demands of national security and democracy evolved?

4) What are the implications of the end of the cold war and the September 11^th bombing for the future making of U.S. foreign policy into the twenty-first century?

5) What are the major interpretations or perspectives, as well as different sources of information and scholarship, that exist within the United States?

COURSE TOPICS AND OUTLINE

[If you miss a class, you are responsible for contacting a classmate

to find out the reading and class assignments.]

[Please bring the required readings with you to class for each session.]

HELPFUL INFORMATION:

– Each numerical topic below refers to one class session and lists the required readings for that session

– Read and be able to summarize the required readings

– Recommended readings are listed at the end of the syllabus if you would like additional information and knowledge

– We will often begin the class or integrate within the class contemporary issues and the contemporary articles I email you. Remember: you are responsible for staying abreast of contemporary affairs.

– For articles sent by email or available on my website, print them out, read, and save.

– PLEASE CHECK YOUR EMAIL FOR ARTICLES AND UPDATES ON THE CLASS

COURSE INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW

1. Introduction and Overview

Read over syllabus closely; come to next class with any questions.

FIRST MANDATORY EMAIL/INFORMATION ASSIGNMENT. Due by Monday, January 19. Email me the following information as a list in the following numerical order (you cannot get a passing grade unless you fulfill this assignment):

Put as your subject heading: GINT 740 email assignment.

1) name (as registered)

2) social security #

3) phone numbers (home; work; cell; other)

4) email address [I HIGHLY RECOMMEND AVOIDING HOTMAIL GIVEN ALL ITS PROBLEMs]

5) major field of concentration

6) class (e.g., first year graduate)

7) M.A. or Ph.D. oriented?

8) career goal?

9) do you work during school? hours per week? what do you do?

10) home town (raised most of life)?

11) where have you traveled outside the U.S.? If not outside the U.S., then outside the southeast?

12) name three good/favorite movies you have seen this year?

13) name a novel that you voluntarily read this year (and preferably liked)?

14) name a non-fiction book that you voluntarily read this year (and preferably liked)?

15) name one or two of your greatest passions (or favorite hobbies) in life?

Topic 2. The Politics of United States Foreign Policy; History of U.S. Foreign Relations and American Power

Required:

Rosati, preface, chapters 1-3

Hodgson, preface and part I

Wittkopf and McCormick reader: introduction, Nye and Hoffmann chapters

PART II — PRESIDENTIAL, BUREAUCRATIC AND GOVERNMENTAL POLITICS

Topic 3. The Presidency, the NSC, and Congress

Required:

Rosati, chapters 4, 5 and 11

Wittkopf and McCormick reader: Nelson, Daalder and Destler, Preston and Hermann, Fisher, and Lindsay chapters

Topic 4. State, Military, and Intelligence

Required:

Rosati, chapters 6-8

Wittkopf and McCormick reader: Talbot, Cohen, Feaver and Kohn, Deutch and Smith, Wechsler chapters

Topic 5. Foreign Economics, Executive Branch Decision-making, and the Rest of Government

Required:

Rosati, chapters 9, 10, and 12

Wittkopf and McCormick reader: Stokes and Choate, Thomson, Smith, Goldgeier, and Jones chapters

LEGISLATIVE HISTORY AND POLITICAL ANALYSIS PAPER DUE

PART III – THE 60s AND VIETNAM

Topic 6. The Rise of the National Security State and the Cold War Consensus

Required:

Hodgson, part II

Morris, foreword, chapters 1-5

Topic 7. Politicization, Polarization, and Fragmentation in America Through the 80s

Required:

Hodgson, parts III and IV

Morris, chapters 6-11

Spring Break

PART IV – CONTEMPORARY DOMESTIC POLITICS

Topic 8. Public Beliefs, Civil Liberties, and Electoral Politics

Required:

Rosati, chapter 13, 14 and 15

Wittkopf and McCormick reader: Huntington, Murray and Spinosa, and Nincic chapters

Topic 9. Group Politics, the Media, and Foreign Policy Change

Required:

Rosati, chapters 16-18

Wittkopf and McCormick reader: Medved, Western, Brenner, Haney and Vanderbush chapters

PUBLIC OPINION AND COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS PAPER DUE

PART V – POLITICS AFTER THE END OF THE COLD WAR

Topic 10. The Bush and Clinton Years

Required:

Halberstam, chapters 1-26

Topic 11. The Bush and Clinton Years Continued

Required:

Halberstam, complete rest of book, including “Author’s Note”

Topic 12. The Growing Role of the Military

Required:

Priest, entire book

Topic 13. September 11 and the Bush Administration

Required:

Articles will be provided

Wittkopf and McCormick reader: Greenstein chapter

Conason, introduction and chapters 1-5

Topic 14. The Bush Years and Into the Future

Required:

articles provided

Conason, chapters 6-10

CASE STUDY AND POLITICAL ANALYSIS PAPER DUE

FINAL EXAMINATION (OPTIONAL)

(Bibliographic Essays of recommended readings are included at the end of each chapter

James C. Scott, ed., After the End: Making U.S. Foreign Policy in the Post-Cold War World (Duke University Press, 1998)

Hedrick Smith, The Power Game: How Washington Really Works (Ballentine, 1988), introduction

Jerel A. Rosati, ed., Readings in the Politics of United States Foreign Policy (Harcourt Brace, 1998)

Roger Hilsman, To Move a Nation: The Politics of Foreign Policy in the Administration of John F. Kennedy (New York: Delta, 1967)

Barry R. Posen and Andrew L. Ross, "Competing U.S. Grand Strategies," in International Security 21(Winter 1996-97), pp. 5-53

Jerel Rosati, "U.S. Leadership into the Next Millenium: A Question of Politics." International Journal 52 (Spring 1997), 297-315

Walter LaFeber, The American Age: U.S. Foreign Policy at Home and Abroad Since 1750 (New York: Norton, 1994)

Michael H. Hunt, Lyndon Johnson's War: America's Cold War Crusade in Vietnam, 1945-1968 (Hill and Wang, 1996)

Richard W. Van Alstyne, The American Empire: Its Historical Pattern and Evolution (London: Historical Association, General Series Number 43 Pamphlet, 1960), pp. 3-28

Bradford Perkins, Tragedy of American Diplomacy": Twenty-Five Years Later," in The Tragedy of American Diplomacy, by William Appleman Williams (New York: Norton, 1988), pp. 313-330

Walter LaFeber, "The "Lion in the Path": The U.S. Emergence as a World Power," Political Science Quarterly (1986), pp. 705-718

Arthur Schlesinger, Jr., "America and Empire," in The Cycles of American History (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1986), pp. 118-162

William Appleman Williams, “The Rise of An American World Power Complex,” in The Struggle Against History, edited by Neal Houghton (Washington Square Press, 1968), pp. 1-19

Walter A. McDougall, "Back to Bedrock: The Eight Traditions of American Statecraft," Foreign Affairs (March/April 1997), pp. 134-146

James Kurth, "America's Grand Strategy: A Pattern of History," National Interest (Spring 1996), pp. 3-19

Thomas A. Bailey, "America's Emergence as a World Power: The Myth and the Verity," Pacific Historical Review 30 (February 1961)

Frank Ninkovich, "Interests and Discourse in Diplomatic History," Diplomatic History 13 (Spring 1989)

Paul Kennedy, "The (Relative) Decline of America," Atlantic Monthly (August 1987), pp. 29-38

Joseph S. Nye, Jr. "The Changing Nature of World Power," Political Science Quarterly 105 (Summer 1990), pp. 177-92

Paul Kennedy, "Fin-de-Siecle America," New York Review of Books (June 28, 1990), pp. 31-40

Paul Kennedy, "The American Prospect," New York Review of Books (March 4, 1993), pp. 42-53

Lincold Bloomfield, "Planning Foreign Policy: Can it be Done?," Political Science Quarterly 93 (Fall 1978), pp. 369-92

Peter Gourevitch, "The Second Image Reversed: The International Sources of Domestic Politics," International Organization 32 (Autumn 1978, pp. 881-912

Bruce Russett, "The Mysterious Case of Vanishing Hegemony; or, Is Mark Twain Really Dead?," International Studies Organization 39 (Spring 1985), pp. 207-32

Joseph S. Nye, Jr., "The Misleading Metaphor of Decline," The Atlantic Monthly (March 1990), pp. 86-94

Terry L. Deibel, "Bush's Foreign Policy: Mastery and Inaction," Foreign Policy 84 (Fall 1991), pp. 3-23

Robert L. Borosage, "Inventing the Threat: Clinton's Defense Budget," World Policy Journal (Winter 1993/94), pp. 7-15

Martin Walker, "Present at the Solution: Madeleine Albright's Ambitious Foreign Policy," World Policy Journal (Spring 1997), pp. 1-10

Mark Danner, “The US and the Yugoslav Catastrophe,” New York Review of Books (November 20, 1997), pp. 56-64

Mark Danner, “Slouching Toward Dayton,” New York Review of Books (April 23, 1998), pp. 59-65

Brian Urquhart, “The Making of a Scapegoat,” The New York Review of Books (August 12, 1999), pp. 32-35

Eliot A. Cohen, "Down the Hatch: Dump the Bottom-up Review," New Republic (March 7, 1994), pp. 14-19

Walter Russell Mead, "Saul Among the Prophets: The Bush Administration and the New World Order," World Policy Journal (Summer 1991), pp. 375-420

Benjamin Schwarz, "The Vision Thing: Sustaining the Unsustainable," World Policy Journal (Winter 1994/95), pp. 101-121

Owen Harries, "My So-called Foreign Policy: The Case for Clinton's Diplomacy," New Republic (October 10, 1994), pp. 24-31

David Rieff, "Whose Internationalism, Whose Isolationism?" World Policy Journal (Summer 1996), pp. 1-12

Martin Walker, "The New American Hegemony," World Policy Journal (Summer 1996), pp. 13-22

Joel H. Rosenthal, "Henry Stimson's Clue: Is Progressive Internationalism on the Wane?" World Policy Journal (Fall 1997), pp. 53-62

Peter R. Andreas, Eva C. Bertram, Morris J. Blachman, and Kenneth E. Sharpe, "Dead-End Drug Wars," Foreign Policy (Winter 1991-92), pp. 106-128

David A. Baldwin, "Security Studies and the End of the Cold War," World Politics 48 (October 1995), pp. 117-141

Richard K. Betts, "Should Strategic Studies Survive," World Politics (50 (October 1997), pp. 7-33

Robert Kuttner, The End of Laissez-Faire: National Purpose and the Global Economy After the Cold War (New York: Knopf, 1991), pp. 3-81, 262-287

Robert Kagan, “ What Korea Teaches: Models, Principles, and the Future of Democracy in Asia,” The New Republic (March 9, 1998), pp. 38-47

Pietro S. Nivola, “Commercializing Foreign Affairs? American Trade Policy After the Cold War,” in U.S. Foreign Policy after the Cold War, edited by Randall B. Ripley and James M. Lindsay (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1997), pp. 235-256

Robert Wade, “The Coming Fight over Capital Flows,” Foreign Policy 111 (Winter 1998-99), pp. 41-54

Richard Rosecrance, “The Rise of the Virtual State: Implications for U.S. Policy,” Foreign Affairs 75 (July/August 1996), pp.

Peter Beinart, "An Illusion For Our Time: The False Promise of Globalization," New Republic (October 20, 1997), pp. 20-24

Richard N. Gardner, “Sterling-Dollar Diplomacy in Current Perspective,” International Affairs 62 (Winter 1985-86), pp. 21-33

Jonathan Kwitny, "The Bankers, the Businessmen, and the Lawyers," in Endless Enemies: The Making of an Unfriendly World (New York: Penguin, 1984), pp. 8-30

Benjamin J. Cohen, ""Return to Normalcy"? Global Economic Policy at the End of the Century," in Eagle Adrift: American Foreign Policy at the End of the Century, edited by Robert J. Lieber (New York: Longman, 1997), pp. 73-99

Walter Russell Mead, "On the Road to Ruin: Winning the Cold War, Losing the Economic Peace," Harper's (March 1990), pp. 59-65

Ethan B. Kapstein, "We Are US: The Myth of the Multinational," The National Interest (Winter 1991/92), pp. 55-62

Charles P. Kindleberger, "U.S. Foreign Economic Policy, 1776-1976," Foreign Affairs (January 1977), pp. 395-417

Jennifer Sterling-Folker,” “Between a Rock and a Hard Place: Assertive Multilateralism and Post-Cold War U.S. Foreign Policy,” in After the End: Making U.S. Foreign Policy in the Post-Cold War World (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1998), pp. 277-304

Rick Travis, “The Promotion of Democracy at the End of the Twentieth Century: A New Polestar for American Foreign Policy?” in After the End: Making U.S. Foreign Policy in the Post-Cold War World (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1998), pp. 251-276

John T. Rourke and Richard Clark, “Making U.S. Foreign Policy Toward China in the Clinton Administration,” in After the End: Making U.S. Foreign Policy in the Post-Cold War World (Durham, NC: Duke University ---Press, 1998), pp. 201-224

Robert Buzzanco, “What Happened to the New Left? Toward a Radical Reading of American Foreign Relations,” Diplomatic History 23 (Fall 1999), pp. 575-607

Christopher Layne, "From Preponderance to Offshore Balancing: America's Future Grand Strategy," International Security 22 (Summer 1997), pp. 86-124

Richard Ullman, “The US and the World: An Interview with George Kennan,” The New York Review of Books (August 12, 1999), pp. 4-6

Jerel Rosati, "Extending the Three-Headed and Four-Headed Eagles: The Foreign Policy Orientations of American Elites During the Eighties and Nineties." With John Creed. Political Psychology 18 (September 1997), pp. 583-623.

Robert W. Tucker, "The Future of a Contradiction," National Interest (Spring 1996), pp. 20-27

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Making Foreign Policy and Foreign Policy Change Into the Twenty-First Century

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