CONTEMPORARY U.S. FOREIGN POLICY
GINT 741
Jerel Rosati
Fall 2002
Please read the syllabus carefully for I have given great thought to the development of this course.
PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVES
The purpose of the course is to provide you with the foundation to understand the evolution and contemporary practice of U.S. foreign policy. This is to be accomplished: 1) by learning specific information about contemporary U.S. foreign policy and its history; 2) by acquiring knowledge about general patterns in the practice of U.S. foreign policy; 3) by becoming familiar with differing interpretations of U.S. foreign policy; and 4) by helping you improve your ability to learn, to reason, and to communicate.
The course should broaden and deepen your substantive, historical, and systematic knowledge of U.S. foreign policy. In addition, the course should improve your general learning potential and level of professional competence. It is a demanding task and my expectations are high. The prerequisite to accomplishing all this is "time and effort" on your part. My hope is that you will find the material interesting, that you will learn, and that you will grow intellectually.
REQUIREMENTS
Students are expected to engage in a considerable amount of reading and will be evaluated through class participation, written assignments, and a final examination. The intent behind these requirements is to have you study and think about the course material throughout the semester--to provide you with numerous opportunities to demonstrate the knowledge you have acquired and to get feedback--in order to maximize your ability to learn and grow as a student.
1. Class Participation (30%). In order to get the most out of class, you must be prepared when you come to class. Students are required to complete the readings prior to class meetings and to come to class ready to discuss them. I expect everyone to participate actively in the discussion of the day.
The class is organized around the required readings and their topics. I expect every student to come to class prepared and participate. Every student should be able to summarize, analyze, synthesize, and evaluate each assigned reading by addressing the following questions:
1. What is the author's purpose?
2. What is the basic theme(s) or argument(s) of the reading?
3. What are the most important historical events, information, concepts, etc. discussed in the reading?
4. How does this reading relate to the other readings and to the central themes of the course?
5. How powerful or weak is the argument and the evidence? Why?
Students also are encouraged to offer comments or questions which contribute to class discussions on a regular basis.
2. Major Paper (40% total) More about the paper is provided below and hand-outs will be given.
3. Final Examination (30%). The final will consist of essays and will be cumulative, focusing on the major questions/ideas and general concepts/points addressed in the readings and class. Your essays should demonstrate your mastery and thoughtful consideration of the material, and should explicitly discuss and integrate the readings. You will receive a study guide in advance of the examination to help you prepare.
Late assignments. If you cannot fulfill a requirement by the due date, I (or the GINT office) MUST BE CONTACTED WITHIN 24 HOURS OF THE DUE DATE (at 7-3108) and provided a legitimate explanation (e.g., medical illness). Assignments which are allowed to be completed after the due date will be expected to meet higher standards given the additional time granted.
GRADES
Your grade will be based, not on how well you do compared to others in the class, but on the quality of substantive knowledge, quality of analysis, and effective communication demonstrated--in other words, the level of understanding demonstrated. An A represents "excellence"; a B+ represents "very good"; a B represents "good". Grades below B indicate that the level of work in the course is below the level expected of graduate students.
TEACHING PHILOSOPHY AND STRATEGY
The class will be structured around what I call a class dialogue in which information, knowledge, and thought will be generated through lecture/background, discussion, and, in particular, the Socratic method. I will often play the role of provocateur and advocate to stimulate participation. The class dialogue emphasizes the importance of student participation and active learning as a means to improve one's skills, interest, information, knowledge, and, ultimately, understanding. In essence, class discussions will consist of an active exchange between the student and professor. When deemed necessary, background will be provided for some of the more difficult material and to provide appropriate context.
ABOUT THE INSTRUCTOR
Jerel Rosati is a Professor of political science and international studies and has been a member of the Department of Government and International Studies at Carolina since 1982. He has a great love of knowledge and learning about the world and human affairs. His intellectual interests range from American politics and history, United States foreign policy, the Vietnam War and the sixties to the dynamics of world politics and global change, the nature of human interaction, and political psychology. His area of specialization is the theory and practice of foreign policy, focusing on the United States policymaking process, decision-making theory, and the political psychological study of human cognition. He has been awarded the Outstanding Professor of the Year in the Humanities and Social Sciences by the South Carolina (Honors) College, the Outstanding Teacher in International Studies in the Department of Government & International Studies, Excellence in Teaching by the University of South Carolina Alpha Chapter of the Mortar Board Honor Society, and Outstanding Teacher in Political Science by the American Political Science Association and Pi Sigma Alpha (The National Political Science Honor Society). In addition to the usual undergraduate and graduate students, he has also been awarded, and participated in, a number of instructional grants at the state and federal level (usually through the Department of State) as Academic Director, Field Director, and/or Project Director where he has taught students and scholars from all over the world, including Bulgarians, Chinese, Israelis and Palestinians, Somalis, Master’s of International Business students, and high school teachers. He has been a Visiting Professor at Somalia National University in Mogadishu and Visiting Scholar at China’s Foreign Affairs College in Beijing. He also enjoys research and writing, and is the author of The Carter Administration's Quest for Global Community: Beliefs and Their Impact on Behavior and The Politics of United States Foreign Policy (3rd edition and translated in mandarin chinese), as well as the co-editor of The Power of Human Needs in World Society, Foreign Policy Restructuring: How Governments Respond to Global Change, and Readings in the Politics of U.S. Foreign Policy. He also has been a Research Associate in the Foreign Affairs and National Defense Division of the Library of Congress's Congressional Research Service, President of the International Studies Association's Foreign Policy Analysis Section, and President of the Southern region of the International Studies Association. He is happily married and the proud father of three children (and a fourth step-daughter, two cats, and one dog) and enjoys travel, athletics, music, reading, good company, and relaxing. He came of age during the early seventies as an undergraduate at U.C.L.A when the events surrounding the Vietnam War and Watergate reached a crescendo, which had a profound impact on his intellectual and personal development to the present day.
This summer he was the Program Director, Academic Director (and Cruise Director) of a U.S. Department of State Fubright American Studies Institute on U.S. Foreign Policy for 18 scholars/practitioners from all over the world. Please check out www.cla.sc.edu/fasi/ (And click Program Information) if you are interested in the nature of the Institute.
CONTACTING ME AND INTERACTING
Please feel free to come see me during my office hours or any other time I am free. Afternoons are a particularly good time. If you have any questions or complications that I should be aware, feel free to contact me.
The best way to contact me is probably through email. My email address is: rosati@sc.edu. I am good about checking my email and responding throughout the workweek. I am much less likely to check my email during the weekend.
Please check your emails, for I may send you articles and updates on the class.
* * *
THIS SYLLABUS REFLECTS THE EXPECTATIONS AND REQUIREMENTS YOU MUST FULFILL. I EXPECT YOU TO TAKE THE COURSE SERIOUSLY AND WORK AS HARD AS I DO--WHICH IS, AFTERALL, THE KEY TO LEARNING AND INTELLECTUAL GROWTH.
REQUIRED READING
The course revolves around the readings--a large, diverse, kalediescopic set of readings. Together, the readings reflect different genres, provide different perspectives and interpretations, and come from a variety of sources. Some of the readings are more scholarly; others are more policy-oriented; and others are more intellectual and journalistic in their orientation. Some are long; some are short. Some are classics; others are more contemporary pieces. A mix of a large number of readings maximizes the acquisition of information, knowledge, and understanding of United States foreing policy, and will hopefully increase interest and readibility.
Richard Van Alstyne, The Rising American Empire (W.W. Norton, 1974)
Daniel Yergin, Shattered Peace: The Origins of the Cold War (Houghton Mifflin, 1978 or Penguin, 1990) [This book is out of print. Please try to purchase either version online such as through www.barnesandnoble.com or www.amazon.com. If you are having trouble finding this book at a reasonable price call the Five Points Bookstore (799-7182) and have Pat Mason or Don Rosnick order it for you–they specialize in used books.]
Seyom Brown, The Faces of Power: United States Foreign Policy from Truman to Clinton (New York: Columbia University Press, 1994)
Daniel Halberstam, War in a Time of Peace (should be in paperback; 2003)
Raul R. Pillar, Terrorism and U.S. Foreign Policy (Brookings, 2001)
Universal Copies packet of required readings, available at 1120 College Streed (next to Sandy's Hot Dogs on the corner of Main and College Street; 254-8931)
And emailed articles. PLEASE CHECK YOUR EMAIL REGULARLY FOR I WILL BE SENDING YOU CONTEMPORARY ARTICLES, REMINDERS, AND UPDATES FOR THE CLASS.
The readings are intended to be accessible and diverse so as to improve your ability to acquire an understanding of U.S. foreign policy and its real-world relevance. The required readings for each week are specified under Course Topics and Readings below.
Diplomatic History/Foreign Policy Literature. You want to peruse some of the recommended journals in an effort to keep up with some of the diplomatic history/foreign policy literature:
Book review journals:
The New Republic
The New York Review of Books
Policy journals:
Foreign Policy (www.foreignpolicy.com)
Foreign Affairs (www.foreignaffairs.org)
International Security
National Interest
Orbis
World Policy Journal (www.worldpolicy.org/journal)
Department of State Bulletin
More academic and scholarly journals:
Diplomat History
International Organization
International Security
International Social Science Journal
International Studies Quarterly
International Studies Perspectives
Journal of American History
Journal of Conflict Resolution
International Studies Review
Pacific Historical Review
Political Psychology
Political Science Quarterly
Presidential Studies Quarterly
World Politics
Sources for following contemporary affairs, predominantly American media. It is also expected that you will follow contemporary affairs through the media during this semester more than you might normally be accustomed. Paying attention to the international news--such as reading the newspaper, watching network television, and listening to National Public Radio--is strongly encouraged. You should also try to familiarize yourself with the litany of magazines and journals which present a host of intellectual, opinion, and policy positions. Such journals can be found in the Thomas Cooper Library, the Institute of International Studies Library located on the Fourth Floor of Gambrell Hall, the Richland County Public Library on Assembly Street, the bookstore Intermezzo (next to Goatfeather's), and can be found on the internet.
All the sources below can also be found on the web. Remember, this is just a recommended sampling of media sources. There are plenty more American media sources, and lots of quality sources beyond the United States–which is particularly important for becoming informed about world politics.
* = best sources for American and international news
** = best sources for international news in general
TV:
National News (ABC, CBS, NBC, CNN)
The News with Brian Williams (MSNBC, CNBC), M-F, 9:00-10:00 and 10:00-11:00 pm
Nightline (ABC), M-F 11:30-12:00 pm
*The News Hour with Jim Lehrer (PBS), M-F 6:00-7:00 pm
This Week with Sam Donaldson & Cokie Roberts (ABC), Sunday 10:30-11:30 am
Face the Nation (CBS), Sunday 12:00-12:30 pm
Meet the Press (NBC), Sunday 9:00-10:00 am
*60 Minutes and 60 Minutes II (CBS), Sunday 7:00-8:00 pm and Wednesday 9:00-10:00pm
*Frontline (PBS), Tuesday 10:00-11:00 pm
CSPAN
MSNBC and CNBC (at night)
West Wing (NBC), Wednesday 9:00-10:00 pm
Radio:
*Morning Edition (NPR), M-F 6:00-8:00 am
*All Things Considered (NPR), M-F 4:00-6:00 pm
Weekend Edition (NPR), Sat 8:00-10:00 am; Sun 9:00-11:00 am
**The World (NPR), M-F 3:00-4:00 pm
Newspapers:
*New York Times (www.nytimes.com)
*Washington Post (www.washingtonpost.com)
*Los Angeles Times (www.latimes.com)
Christian Science Monitor (www.csmonitor.com)
**International Herald Tribune (www.int.com)
Wall Street Journal
**The Economist (www.economist.com)
**World Press Review (www.worldpress.org )
Newsweeklies:
In These Times
Newsweek
Time
U.S. News and World Report
Intellectual/Opinion journals:
American Prospect
Atlantic Monthly
Commentary
Chronicles
Dissent
Nation
National Review
New Republic
New York Review of Books
Progressive
Reason
Utne Reader
Z Magazine
A great place to browse is the “Politics Navigator” section of the New York Times website at http://www.nytimes.com/library/politics/polpoints.html (If you have never been to their website, you will first have to register–it’s free and quick).
Other programs, magazines, and literature are available, as well as fictional accounts (e.g., novels, movies) with important political messages.
COURSE THEMES
Three very general themes or questions are central to this course for developing an understanding of the evolution and contemporary practice of U.S. foreign policy. They will be raised and addressed throughout the semester for they are integral to making sense of the topics and the readings.
1. What have been the dominant patterns of continuity and change in the practice of U.S. foreign policy over time? To what extent have they remained the same and/or changed? Scholars have long debated whether U.S. foreign policy has been marked by continuity or change over the course of American history and why. Some scholars point to World War II as a time of revolutionary change in the practice of U.S. foreign policy. Other scholars emphasize continuity in post-World War II U.S. foreign policy and its prewar past. A similar debate also revolves around the impact of the Vietnam War years on the practice of U.S. foreign policy. One's understanding of the dominant patterns of continuity and change in the history of U.S. foreign policy is consequential for understanding the contemporary practice of U.S. foreign policy. It also has important implications for predicting and understanding the "future" of U.S. foreign policy in the post-cold war era.
2. What is the relationship between official rhetoric and action in U.S. foreign policy? What have been American national interests over time? What has been the role of American liberalism and culture? Much of foreign policy consists of public statements by the President and government officials for various audiences. To what extent do these statements reflect the foreign policy beliefs of political leaders? To what extent does official rhetoric affect foreign policy decisions and behavior? To what extent has "democracy" been important for rhetoric and behavior? To what extent has "capitalism" and "the market" been important for rhetoric and behavior? Why? Answers to these questions spur much controversy and disagreement, but they also shed important light on how the practice of foreign policy is actually carried out in the United States.
3. What is America's global future in the twenty first century? A great debate exists about the power of the United States since the Vietnam war and the end of the cold war, about whether or not the U.S. has been in a state of decline or hegemonic renewal. Much hinges on perceptions of the strengths and weaknesses of the country, the evolving nature of the international system, and the ability of the United States to adapt to the future environment of the twenty first century. Much also may be impacted by the U.S. global response to the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks. The implications are not only important for the the future practice of United States foreign policy, but also for the future "standard of living" and "quality of life" for Americans throughout society and many people throughout the world.
4. What should be the future foreign policy orientation of the United States? A great debate has existed since the vietnam war and collapse of the cold war. Should it be internationalist? What kind of internationalism? Should it be more multilateral-oriented? Should it be more unilateral-oriented? Much depends on world politics and domestic politics, such as implications of September 11as well as the upcoming congressional and presidential elections. Such differing perspectives and debates is of great consequence for it will heavily impact the future practice of United States.
COURSE TOPICS AND READINGS
The focus is on broad and in-depth coverage of the two basic elements in the practice of U.S. foreign policy throughout American history: national security policy and foreign economic policy. Nevertheless, it should be pointed out that other foreign policy issues of consequence also exist--such as immigration policy, drug policy, and international environmental policy--but they will receive limited attention due to obvious time constraints of a one semester course.
* = required reading (others readings are recommended only)
EMAIL/INFORMATION ASSIGNMENT. 2. Email me the following information.
[have your subject heading be GINT 741 EMAIL/INFO ASSIGNMENT]
1) name (as registered)
2) social security #
3) phone numbers (home; work; cell; other)
4) email address [I HIGHLY RECOMMEND AVOIDING HOTMAIL GIVEN ALL ITS PROBLEM]
5) do you work during school? Nature of work? hours per week?
6) degree program
7) major interests or area of specialization
7) career goal?
8) home town (raised most of life)?
9) what do you hope to get out of this course
10) list three things that you love to do or are passionate about
1. INTRODUCTION, OVERVIEW, ANALYTICAL APPROACH, AND DIFFERING INTERPRETATIONS
*read syllabus
*complete email/information assignment
Jack S. Levy, “Too Important to Leave to the Other: History and Political Science in the Study of International Relations,” International Security 22 (Summer 1997), pp. 22-33
John Lewis Gaddis, “History, Theory, and Common Ground,” International Security 22 (Summer 1997), pp. 75-85
Paul W. Schroeder, “ History and International Relations Theory: Not Use or Abuse, but Fit or Misfit,” International Security 22 (Summer 1997), pp. 64-74
HISTORICAL EVOLUTION
2. THE ORIGINS, EARLY YEARS, EXPANSIONISM AND MANIFEST DESTINY
*Dexter Perkins, The American Approach to Foreign Policy (New York: Atheneum, 1968), chapter 1
*Van Alstyne, The Rising American Empire, preface, chapters 1-4
Walter LaFeber, "The Roots of American Foreign Policy, 1492-1789," in The American Age: United States Foreign Policy at Home and Abroad since 1750 (New York: W.W. Norton, 1989), pp. 5-37
Thomas A. Bailey, "America's Emergence as a World Power: The Myth and the Verity," Pacific Historical Review 30 (February 1961)
Walter A. McDougall, "Back to Bedrock: The Eight Traditions of American Statecraft," Foreign Affairs (March/April 1997), pp. 134-146
James Kurth, "America's Grand Strategy: A Pattern of History," National Interest (Spring 1996), pp. 3-19
Richard W. Alstyne, The American Empire: Its Historical Pattern and Evolution (London: Historical Association, General Series Number 43 Pamphlet, 1960)
Bradford Perkins, Tragedy of American Diplomacy": Twenty-Five Years Later," in The Tragedy of American Diplomacy, by William Appleman Williams (New York: Norton, 1988), pp. 313-330
Walter LaFeber, "The "Lion in the Path": The U.S. Emergence as a World Power," Political Science Quarterly (1986), pp. 705-718
Arthur Schlesinger, Jr., "America and Empire," in The Cycles of American History (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1986), pp. 118-162
William Appleman Williams, “The Rise of An American World Power Complex,” in The Struggle Against History, edited by Neal Houghton (Washington Square Press, 1968), pp. 1-19
Walter A. McDougall, "Back to Bedrock: The Eight Traditions of American Statecraft," Foreign Affairs (March/April 1997), pp. 134-146
James Kurth, "America's Grand Strategy: A Pattern of History," National Interest (Spring 1996), pp. 3-19
Thomas A. Bailey, "America's Emergence as a World Power: The Myth and the Verity," Pacific Historical Review 30 (February 1961)
Frank Ninkovich, "Interests and Discourse in Diplomatic History," Diplomatic History 13 (Spring 1989)
3. POST-CIVIL WAR, THE TURN OF THE CENTURY, AND THE STIRRING OF GLOBALISM
*Van Alstyne, The Rising American Empire, chapters 5-9
*Jerel Rosati, The Politics of U.S. Foreign Policy (Dallas: Harcourt Brace, 1999), pp. 15-42
Alfred E. Eckes, Jr., "Free Trade and Economic Security, 1776-1860," in Opening America's Market: U.S. Foreign Trade Policy Since 1776 (Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina, 1995), pp. 1-27
Walter LaFeber, "The "Lion in the Path": The U.S. Emergence as a World Power," Political Science Quarterly (1986), pp. 705-718
William Appleman Williams, "The Rise of an American World Complex," in Consensus at the Crossroads, edited by Howard Bliss and M. Glen Johnson (New York: Dodd, Mean, 1972), pp. 58-72
Emily S. Rosenberg, Spreading the American Dream: American Economic and Cultural Expansion, 1890-1945 (New York: Hill and Wang, 1982), pp. 3-37, 229-234
Robert Dallek, "National Mood and American Foreign Policy: A Suggestive Essay," American Quarterly 34:4 (Fall 1982), pp. 339-361
Joseph A. Fry, "From Open Door to World Systems: Economic Interpretations of Late Nineteenth Century American Foreign Relations," Pacific Historical Review 65 (May 1996), pp. 277-303
William E. Leuchtenburg, "Progressivism and Imperialism: The Progressive Movement and American Foreign Policy, 1898-1916," Mississippi Valley Historical Review 39 (December 1952), pp. 483-504
Emily S. Rosenberg, Spreading the American Dream: American Economic and Cultural Expansion, 1890-1945 (New York: Hill and Wang, 1982), pp. 3-37, 229-234
William Appleman Williams, "The Rise of an American World Complex," in Consensus at the Crossroads, edited by Howard Bliss and M. Glen Johnson (New York: Dodd, Mean, 1972), pp. 58-72
4. THE INTERWAR YEARS
*Cohen, Empire Without Tears, all
David A. Lake, "International Economic Structures and American Foreign Economic Policy, 1887-1934," World Politics 35 (July 1983), pp. 517-543
Emily S. Rosenberg, "Economic Interest and United States Foreign Policy," in American Foreign Relations Reconsidered, 1890-1993, edited by Gordon Martel (London: Routledge, 1994), pp. 37-51
Arthur Schlesinger, Jr., "America and Empire," in The Cycles of American History (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1986), pp. 118-162
A.J. Bacevich, "Charles Beard, Properly Understood," National Interest (Spring 1994), pp. 73-83
Mark A. Stoler, "A Half Century of Conflict: Interpretations of U.S. World War II Diplomacy," Diplomatic History 18 (Summer 1994), pp. 375-403
John Coogan, “Wilsonian Diplomacy in War and Peace,” in American Foreign Relations Reconsidered, 1890-1993, edited by Gordon Martel (New York: Routledge, 1994), pp. 71-89
Kendrick A. Clements, Woodrow Wilson: World Statesman, chapter 11, "Failure and Hope, 1919-1924", pp. 197-224
David Steigerwald, “The Reclamation of Woodrow Wilson,” Diplomatic History 23 (Winter 1999), pp. 79-100
Arthur S. Link, "Woodrow Wilson," in Henry Graff, The Presidents: A Reference History (New York: Scribners, 1996), pp. 365-387
Jerrold M. Post, "Woodrow Wilson Re-examined: The Mind-Body Controversy Redux and Other Disputations," Political Psychology 4 (1983), pp. 289-306
Dorothy Ross, "Woodrow Wilson and the Case for Psychohistory," Journal of American History 69 (Dec. 1982)
Lloyd E. Ambrosius, "Woodrow Wilson and the Quest for Orderly Progress," in Norman A. Graebner, ed., Traditions and Values: American Diplomacy, 1865-1945 (on reserve)
Frederick S. Calhoun, Uses of Force in Wilsonian Foreign Policy, Chapt. 3
Bert E. Park, "The Aftermath of Wilson's Stroke," The Papers of Woodrow Wilson, Vol. 64 (1991):525-28
Daniel M. Smith, "National Interest and American Intervention, 1917: An Historiographical Appraisal," Journal of American History 52 (Jan. 1965)
William Appleman Williams, “The Legend of Isolationism in the 1920's,” Science & Society 18 (Winter 1954), pp. 1-20
George F. Kennan, American Diplomacy 1900-1950 (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1951), foreword to p. 79
George F. Kennan, “Comments on the paper entitled “Kennan versus Wilson”,” in The Wilson Era: Essays in Honor of Arthur S. Link, edited by John Milton Cooper, Jr. and Charles E. Neu (Arlington Heights, IL: Harlan Davidson, 1991), pp. 327-330
Thomas Guinsburg, “The Triumph of Isolationism,” in American Foreign Relations Reconsidered, 1890-1993, edited by Gordon Martel (New York: Routledge, 1994), pp. 90-105 Thomas Guinsburg, “The Triumph of Isolationism,” in American Foreign Relations Reconsidered, 1890-1993, edited by Gordon Martel (New York: Routledge, 1994), pp. 90-105
Robert James Maddox, "Another Look at the Legend of Isolationism in the 1920s, Mid-America 53 (Jan. 1971)
A.J. Bacevich, "Charles Beard, Properly Understood," National Interest (Spring 1994), pp. 73-83
J. Garry Clifford, "Both Ends of the Telescope: New Perspectives on FDR and American Entry into World War II," Diplomatic History 13 (Spring 1989)
Justus D. Doenecke, "U.S. Policy and the European War, 1939-1941," Diplomatic History 19 (Fall 1995)
Ellis Hawley, "The Discovery and Study of a 'Corporate Liberalism'," Business History Review 52 (Autumn 1978)
Mark A. Stoler, "A Half Century of Conflict: Interpretations of U.S. World War II Diplomacy," Diplomatic History 18 (Summer 1994), pp. 375-403
THE COLD WAR ERA
6. ORIGINS OF THE COLD WAR
*Yergin, Shattered Peace, up to and including chapter 8
*George F. Kennan, "The Sources of Soviet Conduct," Foreign Affairs (July 1947), in American Diplomacy, pp. 89-106
*Walter Lippmann, "The Cold War," The Cold War: A Study in U.S. Foreign Policy (1947)
Arthur Schlesinger, Jr., "The Origins of the Cold War," Foreign Affairs (October 1967), pp. 22-52
Hans J. Morgenthau, "The Origins of the Cold War," in Origins of the Cold War, edited by Gardner, Schlesinger, and Morgenthau (Waltham, MA: Ginn, 1970), pp. 79-102
Gabriel and Joyce Kolko, "Sustaining and Reforming World Capitalism," in The Origins of the Cold War, edited by Thomas G. Paterson (Lexington, MA: D.C. Heath, 1974)
Robert A. Pollard, "Economic Security and the Origins of the Cold War: Bretton Woods, the Marshall Plan, and American Rearmament," Diplomatic History 9 (Summer 1985), pp. 271-287
Bradford Perkins, ""The Tragedy of American Diplomacy": Twenty-Five Years Later," in The Tragedy of American Diplomacy, by William Appleman Williams (New York: Norton, 1988), pp. 313-334
Gar Aperowitz, "Hiroshima: Historians Reassess," Foreign Policy (Summer 1995), pp. 15-34
Robert A. Pollard, "Economic Security and the Origins of the Cold War: Bretton Woods, the Marshall Plan, and American Rearmament," Diplomatic History 9 (Summer 1985), pp. 271-287
Melvyn P. Leffler, "National Security and U.S. Foreign Policy," in Origins of the Cold War: An International History, edited by Melvyn P. Leffler and David S. Painter (London: Routledge, 1994), pp. 15-52
C Jacob Heibrunn, “The Revision Thing,” The New Republic (August 15, 1994), pp. 31-39
Melvyn P. Leffler, "Inside Enemy Archives: The Cold War Reopened," Foreign Affairs (July/August 1996), pp. 120-135
John Lewis Gaddis, "The Cold War, the Long Peace, and the Future," in Michael J. Hogan, ed., The End of the Cold War: Its Meaning and Implications (on reserve)
Gabriel and Joyce Kolko, "Sustaining and Reforming World Capitalism," in The Origins of the Cold War, edited by Thomas G. Paterson (Lexington, MA: D.C. Heath, 1974)
Arthur Schlesinger, Jr., "The Origins of the Cold War," Foreign Affairs (October 1967), pp. 22-52
Jonathon Knight, "The Great Power Peace: The United States and the Soviet Union since 1945," Diplomatic History 6 (Spring 1982)
Hans J. Morgenthau, "The Origins of the Cold War," in Origins of the Cold War, edited by Gardner, Schlesinger, and Morgenthau (Waltham, MA: Ginn, 1970), pp. 79-102
J. Samuel Walker, "The Decision to Use the Bomb: A Historiographical Update," Diplomatic History 14 (Winter 1990)
John Lewis Gaddis, "George F. Kennan and the Strategy of Containment," in Strategies of
Containment (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1982), pp. 25-53
Gideon Rose, "The New Cold War Debate," National Interest (Winter 1994/95), pp. 89-96
7. ORIGINS OF THE COLD WAR CONTINUED
*Yergin, Shattered Peace, chapter 9 to the end
*J. Samuel Walker, "Historians and Cold War Origins: The New Consensus," in Gerald K. Haines and J. Samuel Walker, eds., American Foreign Relations: A Historiographical Review (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1981), pp. 207-236
John Lewis Gaddis, "George F. Kennan and the Strategy of Containment," in Strategies of Containment (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1982), pp. 25-53
Bruce Cummings, “Japan and the Asian Periphery,” in in Origins of the Cold War: An International History, edited by Melvyn P. Leffler and David S. Painter (London: Routledge, 1994), pp. 215-235
Robert Jervis, "The Impact of the Korean War upon the Cold War," Journal of Conflict Resolution 24 (Dec. 1980), pp. 563-592
Lester Brune, “ Recent Scholarship and Findings about the Korean War,” American Studies International 36 (1998), pp. 4-14
Townsend Hoopes, "God and John Foster Dulles," Foreign Policy (Winter 1973-74), pp. 154-177
Stephen G. Rabe, "Eisenhower Revisionism: A Decade of Scholarship," Diplomatic History 17 (Winter 1993), pp. 97-115
Robert McMahon, "Eisenhower and Third World Nationalism," Political Science Quarterly 101 (1986)
Robert W. Kagan, "Why Like Ike?" The National Interest (Summer 1986), pp. 88-94
Russell D. Buhite, "'Major Interests': American Policy toward China, Taiwan, and Korea, 1945-1950," Pacific Historical Review 47 (Aug. 1978)
Rosemary Foot, "Leadership, Perceptions, and Interest: Chinese-American Relations in the Early Cold War," Diplomatic History 20 (Summer 1996)
Marc Gallicchio, “The Cold War in Asia,” in John M. Carroll and George C. Herring, Modern American Diplomacy (rev. ed.), 161-86
Martin Lichterman, "To the Yalu and Back," in American Civil-Military Decisions: A Book of Case Studies, edited by Harold Stein (Birmingham, AL: University of Alabama Press, 1963)
Robert J. McMahon, "The Cold War in Asia: Toward a New Synthesis?" Diplomatic History 12 (Summer 1988)
U.S., "NSC-68: A Report to the National Security Council," (April 14, 1950), reprinted in Naval War College Review (1975)
Samuel F. Wells, Jr., "Sounding the Tocsin: NSC 68 and the Soviet Threat," International Security (Fall 1979), pp. 116-158
Lawrence P. Frank, “The First Oil Regime,” World Politics (July 1985), pp. 586-598
Norman A. Graebner, "Eisenhower's Popular Leadership," Current History 39 (1960)
Fred I. Greenstein, "The Hidden-Hand Presidency: Eisenhower as Leader; A 1994 Perspective," Presidential Studies Quarterly 24:2 (1994)
Robert Griffith, "Dwight D. Eisenhower and the Corporate Commonwealth," American Historical Review 87 (Feb. 1982)
8. CONTAINMENT, DETERRENCE, AND THE USE OF FORCE
*Brown, Faces of Power, preface, parts I, II, and III
LaFeber, America, Russia, and the Cold War
Alexander L. George and Richard Smoke, Deterrence in American Foreign Policy: Theory and Practice (New York: Columbia University Press, 1974), pp. 9-83, 591
James A. Nathan, "The Missile Crisis: His Finest Hour Now," World Politics (January 1975), pp. 256-281
Betty Glad and Charles S. Taber, "Images, Learning, and the Decision to Use Force: The Domino Theory of the United States," in Psychological Dimensions of War, edited by Betty Glad (Newbury Park, CA: Sage, 1990), pp. 56-81
Jack L. Snyder, "Rationality at the Brink: The Role of Cognitive Processes in Failures of Deterrence," World Politics (April 1978), pp. 344-365
Michael Mastunduno, "Strategies of Economic Containment: U.S. Trade Relations with the Soviet Union," World Politics 37 (July 1985), pp. 503-531
U.S., "NSC-68: A Report to the National Security Council," (April 14, 1950), reprinted in Naval War College Review (1975)
Samuel F. Wells, Jr., "Sounding the Tocsin: NSC 68 and the Soviet Threat," International Security (Fall 1979), pp. 116-158
Martin Lichterman, "To the Yalu and Back," in American Civil-Military Decisions: A Book of Case Studies, edited by Harold Stein (Birmingham, AL: University of Alabama Press, 1963)
Robert W. Kagan, "Why Like Ike?" The National Interest (Summer 1986), pp. 88-94
Townsend Hoopes, "God and John Foster Dulles," Foreign Policy (Winter 1973-74), pp. 154-177
Anthony Hartley, "John Kennedy's Foreign Policy," Foreign Policy (Fall 1971), pp. 77-87
Barry M. Blechman and Stephen S. Kaplan, "U.S. Military Forces as a Political Instrument Since World War II," Political Science Quarterly 95 (Summer 1979), pp. 193-210
Thomas G. Paterson, "Bearing the Burden: A Critical Look at JFK's Foreign Policy," Virginia Quarterly Review 54 (Spring 1978), pp. 193-212
Nick Gullather, “The U.S. and Industrial Policy in Taiwan, 1950-65,” Diplomatic History (Winter 1996), pp. 1-25
John Lewis Gaddis, "The Long Peace: Elements of Stability in the Postwar International System," International Security (Spring 1986), pp. 99-142
Barry M. Blechman and Stephen S. Kaplan, "U.S. Military Forces as a Political Instrument Since World War II," Political Science Quarterly 95 (Summer 1979), pp. 193-210
Robert A. Divine, "Alive and Well: The Continuing Cuban Missile Crisis Controversy," Diplomatic History 18 (Fall 1994)
Anthony Hartley, "John Kennedy's Foreign Policy," Foreign Policy (Fall 1971), pp. 77-87
Burton I. Kaufman, "John F. Kennedy as World Leader: A Perspective on the Literature," Diplomatic History 17 (Summer 1993)
Bruce J. Allyn, James G. Blight, and David A. Welch, "Essence of Revision: Moscow, Havana, and the Cuban Missile Crisis," International Security (Winter 1989/90), pp. 136-172
Tony Judt, "On the Brink," The New York Review of Books (January 15, 1998), pp. 52-59
9. VIETNAM
*Brown, Faces of Power, part IV and chap 13
*U.S., President John F. Kenndy, “Inaugural Address” (1961)
*J. William Fulbright, The Arrogance of Power (New York: Vintage, 1966), pp. 3-22, 245-258
Michael H. Hunt, Lyndon Johnson's War: America's Cold War Crusade in Vietnam, 1945-1968 (Hill and Wang, 1996)
D. Michael Shafer, "The Unlearned Lessons of Counterinsurgency," Political Science Quarterly (Spring 1988), pp. 57-80 D. Michael Shafer, "The Unlearned Lessons of Counterinsurgency," Political Science Quarterly (Spring 1988), pp. 57-80
Leslie Gelb, "Vietnam: The System Worked," Foreign Policy (Summer 1971), pp. 140-183
Paul M. Kattenburg, "Vietnam and U.S. Diplomacy, 1940-1970," Orbis (Fall 1971)
Stephen Peter Rosen, "Vietnam and the American Theory of Limited War," International Security 7 (Fall 1982), pp. 83-113
James C. Thomson, Jr., "How Could Vietnam Happen? An Autopsy," Atlantic Monthly (April 1968), pp. 47-53
Fox Butterfield, "The New Vietnam Scholarship," New York Times Magazine (February 13, 1983)
Gary R. Hess, "The Unending Debate: Historians and the Vietnam War," Diplomatic History (Spring 1994), pp. 239-264
James C. Thomson, Jr., "How Could Vietnam Happen? An Autopsy," Atlantic Monthly (April 1968), pp. 47-53
Robert Dallek, "Lyndon Johnson and Vietnam: The Making of a Tragedy," Diplomatic History 20 (Spring 1996)
Robert A. Divine, "Historiography: Vietnam Reconsidered," Diplomatic History 12 (Winter 1988)
George Herring, "The Vietnam War," in John M. Carroll and George Herring, Modern American
Diplomacy, 205-22
Larry Berman, "Coming to Grips with Lyndon Johnson's War," Diplomatic History 17 (Fall 1993)
Fox Butterfield, "The New Vietnam Scholarship," New York Times Magazine (February 13, 1983)
Ben Kiernan, "Review Article: The Vietnam War, Alternative Endings," American Historical Review 97 (October 1992)
Stephen Peter Rosen, "Vietnam and the American Theory of Limited War," International Security 7 (Fall 1982), pp. 83-113
10. WHAT HAPPENED TO ECONOMICS AND U.S. FOREIGN POLICY?
*Robert Kuttner, The End of Laissez-Faire: National Purpose and the Global Economy After the Cold War (New York: Knopf, 1991), pp. 3-81, 262-287
*Nick Gullather, “The U.S. and Industrial Policy in Taiwan, 1950-65,” Diplomatic History (Winter 1996), pp. 1-25
*Robert Kagan, “ What Korea Teaches: Models, Principles, and the Future of Democracy in Asia,” The New Republic (March 9, 1998), pp. 38-47
Jonathan Kwitny, "The Bankers, the Businessmen, and the Lawyers," in Endless Enemies: The Making of an Unfriendly World (New York: Penguin 1984), pp. 8-30
Benjamin J. Cohen, ""Return to Normalcy"? Global Economic Policy at the End of the Century," in Eagle Adrift: American Foreign Policy at the End of the Century, edited by Robert J. Lieber (New York: Longman, 1997), pp. 73-99
Peter Beinart, "An Illusion For Our Time: The False Promise of Globalization," New Republic (October 20, 1997), pp. 20-24
Walter Russell Mead, "On the Road to Ruin: Winning the Cold War, Losing the Economic Peace," Harper's (March 1990), pp. 59-65
Ethan B. Kapstein, "We Are US: The Myth of the Multinational," The National Interest (Winter 1991/92), pp. Charles P. Kindleberger, "U.S. Foreign Economic Policy, 1776-1976," Foreign Affairs (January 1977), pp. 395-417
11. THE RISE AND DECLINE OF DETENTE, AMERICAN POWER, AND THE COLD WAR
*Brown, Faces of Power, parts V, VI, and VII
Jerel Rosati, "Jimmy Carter, A Man Before His Time? The Emergence and Collapse of the First Post-Cold War Presidency." Presidential Studies Quarterly 23 (Summer 1993), pp. 459-76
Robert Kagan, “The Revisionist: How Henry Kissinger Won the Cold War; or so He Thinks,” The New Republic (June 21, 1999), pp. 38-48
Paul Kennedy, "The (Relative) Decline of America," The Atlantic Monthly (August 1987), pp. 29-38
Joseph S. Nye, Jr., "The Misleading Metaphor of Decline," The Atlantic Monthly (March 1990), pp. 86-94
Kenneth A. Oye, "Constrained Confidence and the Evolution of Reagan Foreign Policy," in Eagle Resurgent? The Reagan Era in American Foreign Policy, edited by Kenneth A. Oye, Robert J. Lieber and Donald Rothchild (Boston: Little, Brown, 1987), pp. 3-39
Stephen G. Walker, "The Interface Between Beliefs and Behavior: Henry Kissinger's Operational Code," Journal of Conflict Resolution 21 (1977), pp. 129-168
Simon Serfaty, "Play it Again, Zbig," Foreign Policy (Fall 1978), pp. 3-21
Douglas Brinkley, "The Rising Stock of Jimmy Carter: The "Hands on" Legacy of Our Thirty-ninth President," Diplomatic History 20 (Fall 1996), pp. 505-529
Terry L. Deibel, "Reagan's Mixed Legacy," Foreign Policy 75 (Summer 1989), pp. 34-55
Eliot A. Cohen, "Constraints on America's Conduct of Small Wars," International Security 9 (Fall 1984), pp. 151-181
Bruce W. Jentleson, "American Commitments in the Third World: Theory vs. Practice," International Organization 41 (Autumn 1987), pp. 667-704
Henry Kissinger, "Reflections on Containment," Foreign Affairs (May/June 1994), pp. 113-130
Edward N. Muller, "Dependent Economic Development, Aid Dependence on the United States, and Democratic Breakdown in the Third World," International Studies Quarterly 29 (December 1985), pp. 445-470
Robert D. Pastor, "Explaining U.S. Policy Toward the Caribeean Basin: Fixed and Emerging Images," World Politics (April 1986), pp. 484-515
John Lewis Gaddis, "The Long Peace: Elements of Stability in the Postwar International System," International Security (Sping 1986), pp. 99-142
Robert L. Beisner, "History and Henry Kissinger," Diplomatic History 14 (Fall 1990), pp. 511-525
Robert D. Pastor, "Explaining U.S. Policy Toward the Caribeean Basin: Fixed and Emerging Images," World Politics (April 1986), pp. 484-515
Charles Kegley, Jr., “How Did the Cold War Die: Principles for an Autopsy,” Mershon International Studies Review 38 (April 1994), pp. 11-41
Kenneth E. Sharpe, “The Real Cause of Irangate,” Foreign Policy (Fall 1987), pp. 19-41
Morris J. Blachman and Donald J. Puchala, “ When Empires Meet; The Long Peace in Long-Term Perspective,” in The Long Postwar Peace; Contending Explanations and Projections (New York: Harper Collins, 1991), pp. 177-201
Henry Kissinger, "Reflections on Containment," Foreign Affairs (May/June 1994), pp. 113-130
Eliot A. Cohen, "Constraints on America's Conduct of Small Wars," International Security 9 (Fall 1984), pp. 151-181
Terry L. Deibel, "Reagan's Mixed Legacy," Foreign Policy 75 (Summer 1989), pp. 34-55
Jules Levey, "Richard Nixon as Elder Statesman," Journal of Psychohistory 13 (Spring 1986)
Franz Schurmann, The Foreign Politics of Richard Nixon: The Grand Design, chapter 2, "The Politics and Architecture of the Grand Design" (on reserve)
AFTER THE COLD WAR AND TOWARDS THE NEXT MILLENIUM
12. THE BUSH AND CLINTON YEARS
*Brown, Faces of Power, parts VIII and IX
*Halberstam, War In a Time of Peace, chapters 1-20
Owen Harries, "My So-called Foreign Policy: The Case for Clinton's Diplomacy," New Republic (October 10, 1994), pp. 24-31
Robert L. Borosage, "Inventing the Threat: Clinton's Defense Budget," World Policy Journal (Winter 1993/94), pp. 7-15
Mark Danner, "Marooned in the Cold War: America, the Alliance, and the Quest for a Vanished World," World Policy Journal (Fall 1997), pp. 1-23
Eliot A. Cohen, "Down the Hatch: Dump the Bottom-up Review," New Republic (March 7, 1994), pp. 14-19
Terry L. Deibel, "Bush's Foreign Policy: Mastery and Inaction," Foreign Policy 84 (Fall 1991), pp. 3-23
Walter Russell Mead, "Saul Among the Prophets: The Bush Administration and the New World Order," World Policy Journal (Summer 1991), pp. 375-420
Benjamin Schwarz, "The Vision Thing: Sustaining the Unsustainable," World Policy Journal (Winter 1994/95), pp. 101-121
David Rieff, "Whose Internationalism, Whose Isolationism?" World Policy Journal (Summer 1996), pp. 1-12
Martin Walker, "The New American Hegemony," World Policy Journal (Summer 1996), pp. 13-22
Martin Walker, "Present at the Solution: Madeleine Albright's Ambitious Foreign Policy," World Policy Journal (Spring 1997), pp. 1-10
Joel H. Rosenthal, "Henry Stimson's Clue: Is Progressive Internationalism on the Wane?" World Policy Journal (Fall 1997), pp. 53-62
Peter R. Andreas, Eva C. Bertram, Morris J. Blachman, and Kenneth E. Sharpe, "Dead-End Drug Wars," Foreign Policy (Winter 1991-92), pp. 106-128
David A. Baldwin, "Security Studies and the End of the Cold War," World Politics 48 (October 1995), pp. 117-141
Richard K. Betts, "Should Strategic Studies Survive," World Politics (50 (October 1997), pp. 7-33
13. THE BUSH AND CLINTON YEARS (continued)
*Halberstam, War In a Time of Peace, chapters 21-44, and Author’s Note
(reviews?)
Jennifer Sterling-Folker,” “Between a Rock and a Hard Place: Assertive Multilateralism and Post-Cold War U.S. Foreign Policy,” in After the End: Making U.S. Foreign Policy in the Post-Cold War World (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1998), pp. 277-304
Rick Travis, “The Promotion of Democracy at the End of the Twentieth Century: A New Polestar for American Foreign Policy?” in After the End: Making U.S. Foreign Policy in the Post-Cold War World (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1998), pp. 251-276
John T. Rourke and Richard Clark, “Making U.S. Foreign Policy Toward China in the Clinton Administration,” in After the End: Making U.S. Foreign Policy in the Post-Cold War World (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1998), pp. 201-224
14. BUSH JR. AND THE GLOBAL WAR ON TERRORISM
*Eliot Cohen, “A Strange War,” The National Interest (Thanksgiving 2001), pp. 11-22
*Peter R. Andreas, Eva C. Bertram, Morris J. Blachman, and Kenneth E. Sharpe, "Dead-End Drug Wars," Foreign Policy (Winter 1991-92), pp. 106-128
*Rickard K. Betts, “The Soft Underbelly of American Primacy: Tactical Advantages of Terror,” Political Science Quarterly (Spring 2002), p. 19-36
*Raul R. Pillar, Terrorism and U.S. Foreign Policy (Brookings, 2001), all
Stephen G. Brooks and William C. Wohforth, “American Primacy in Perspective,” Foreign Affairs (July/August 2002), pp. 20-33
Grenville Byford, “The Wrong War,” Foreign Affairs (July/August 2002), pp. 34-43
15. HEGEMONY, EMPIRE, COMPETING PERSPECTIVES, AND THE FUTURE OF AMERICA
*Michael Cox, “September 11th and U.S. Hegemony–Or Will the 21st Century Be American Too?, International Studies Perspectives (February 2002), pp. 53-70
*Robert Kagan, “The Benevolent Empire,” Foreign Policy (Summer 1998), pp. 24-35
*Charles William Maynes, “The Perils of (and for) an Imperial America,” Foreign Policy (Summer 1998), pp. 36-48
*Joseph S. Nye, “Seven Tests: Between Concert and Unilateralism,” The National Interest (Winter 2001/02), pp. 5-13
*Stanley Hoffmann, “Class of Globalizations,” Foreign Affairs (July/August 2002), pp. 104-115
*Jerel Rosati, "U.S. Leadership into the Next Millenium: A Question of Politics." International Journal 52 (Spring 1997), pp. 297-315
Jerel Rosati and John Creed, "Extending the Three-Headed and Four-Headed Eagles: The Foreign Policy Orientations of American Elites During the Eighties and Nineties." Political Psychology 18 (September 1997), pp. 583-623.
Barry R. Posen and Andrew L. Ross, "Competing U.S. Grand Strategies," in Eagle Adrift: American Foreign Policy at the End of the Century, edited by Robert J. Lieber (New York: Longman, 1997), pp. 100-134
Christopher Layne, "From Preponderance to Offshore Balancing: America's Future Grand Strategy," International Security 22 (Summer 1997), pp. 86-124
Robert W. Tucker, "The Future of a Contradiction," National Interest (Spring 1996), pp. 20-27
Jerel Rosati, "Cycles in Foreign Policy Restructuring: The Politics of Continuity and Change in U.S. Foreign Policy." In Foreign Policy Restructuring: How Governments Respond to Global Change, edited by Jerel A. Rosati, Joe D. Hagan, and Martin W. Sampson (Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press, 1994), pp. 221-61.
Daniel Bell, "The Future World Disorder," Foreign Policy (Summer 1977), pp. 109-135
John Lewis Gaddis, "Toward the Post-Cold War World," in The United States and the End of the Cold War: Implications, Reconsiderations, Provacations (New York: Oxford University Press, 1992), pp. 193-216
Henry Luce, “The American Century,” Diplomatic History 23 (Spring 1999), pp. 157-171
Tony Smith, “Making the World Safe for Democracy,” Diplomatic History 23 (Spring 1999), pp. 189-218
Geir Lundestad, “‘Empire by Invitation’ in the American Century,” Diplomatic History 23 (Spring 1999), pp, 189-218
Walter LaFeber, “The Tension between Democracy and Capitalism during the American Century,” Diplomatic History 23 (Spring 1999), pp. 263-284
Mark Danner, "Marooned in the Cold War: America, the Alliance, and the Quest for a Vanished World," World Policy Journal (Fall 1997), pp. 1-23
Paul Kennedy, “The Next American Century?” World Policy Journal (Spring 1999), pp. 52-58
Avery Goldstein, “Great Expectations: Interpreting China’s Arrival,” International Security 22 (Winter 1997/98), pp. 36-73
John Orme, “The Utility of Force in a World of Scarcity,” International Security 22 (Winter 1997/98), pp. 138-167
Fared Zakaria, “The Rise of Illiberal Democracy?” Foreign Affairs (November-December 1997)
Robert Buzzanco, “What Happened to the New Left? Toward a Radical Reading of American Foreign Relations,” Diplomatic History 23 (Fall 1999), pp. 575-607
Richard Ullman, “The US and the World: An Interview with George Kennan,” The New York Review of Books (August 12, 1999), pp. 4-6
John Lewis Gaddis, "Toward the Post-Cold War World," in The United States and the End of the Cold War: Implications, Reconsiderations, Provocations (New York: Oxford University Press, 1992), pp. 193-216
Coral Bell, “American Ascendancy--And the Pretense of Concert,” The National Interest 57 (Fall 1999), pp. 55-63
Samuel P. Huntington, “The Lonely Superpower,” Foreign Affairs (March/April 1999), pp. 35-49
Gary Wills, “Bully of the Free World,” Foreign Affairs (March/April 1999), pp. 50-59
Daniel Bell, "The Future World Disorder," Foreign Policy (Summer 1977), pp. 109-135
Louis J. Halle, "A Hopeful Future for Mankind," Foreign Affairs (Summer 1980), pp. 1129-1136
MAJOR PAPER ASSIGNMENT
This course gives you the opportunity to improve and demonstrate your ability to engage in research and analysis, as well as improve your written communication skills.
For Master’s-oriented, the requirement is 10-15 pages in length. For Ph.D.-oriented, the requirement is 20-25 pages (in each text which is double-spaced, with normal fonts and margins, and appropriately footnoted/endnoted.
PAPER OPTIONS. You must choose one of the following paper options:
1. A policy analysis-oriented paper about some issue involving U.S. foreign policy – similar to what is done within major foreign policy journals such as Foreign Affairs or World Policy Journal.
2. A biographical/intellectual overview-oriented paper reflecting the work of one prominent scholar, analyst, or practitioner.
3. A historiographical/topical-oriented paper reflecting a controversial and important issue in U.S. diplomatic history and foreign policy – similar to what is done with a journal like Diplomatic History or Political Science Quarterly.
4. An analytical empirically-oriented paper about U.S. foreign – similar to what is done within more academic and scholarly journals like International Studies Quarterly and Presidential Studies Quarterly.
5. Two critical book review papers (5-7 pages each) – similar to what is done within The New York Review of Books and The New Republic. Each essay should provide the basic argument and summary of the collective readings, and a critical analysis about their strengths, weaknesses, and potential for contributing to explaining and understanding foreign policy. One should integrate book reviews and other relevant works where helpful. This option is only open to M.A. students who have no intention of getting their Ph.D.
The writing assignment will be broken into stages throughout the semester: 1) your paper option and topic, 2) your research question, 3) a short research proposal, 4) update in progress on research and writing, and 5) the final paper.
You are to select one option, specify your topic, and identify a journal and/or article that you will use as your model (for content, format, and style). Use the required readings for possible ideas and as possible models to emulate in your paper. I have also provided a list of recommended readings in order to assist you in formulating, researching, and developing your paper. And each reading has footnotes and/or a bibliography of potentially useful, relevant works.
The final paper should be as polished and professional in appearance and contents as possible, and it It should be preceeded by an ABSTRACT of roughly 150 words that also specifies the journal you will use as a model for the format.
Deadlines will be provided, but you are encouraged to submit each part of the process as soon as possible. You must see me throughout the semester about the development of your paper. Before you can proceed to the next stage, you must satisfactorily complete the previous stage. I expect high quality in the contents, presentation, and readibility for all the stages in the process. The grade ultimately will be based on the submission of the final paper.
FOR ALL OPTIONS – THE IMPORTANCE OF CLEAR AND COHERENT WRITING, ORGANIZATION, AND PRESENTATION:
It should look professional. Assume you are writing for a general and educated audience--do not assume that the reader has read the material. Use a style that is commonly accepted by political science journals (such as International Studies Quarterly or Political Science Quarterly).
Each stage of your paper should be well-written and well-organized--in other words, clear and concise. It should have an introductory section and a concluding section. The purpose behind the introduction and the conclusion is to communicate/recapitulate the purpose and importance of the research question as well as promote a coherent overview of the entire paper. The transition between one paragraph and another must be smooth, and the discussion within a paragraph must be clear and concise. Each paragraph after the introductory section should discuss a key point or idea. I highly recommend the use of “subtitles” to promote clarity and organization coherence. REMEMBER: this type of paper is not easy to construct or develop. THINK about what you are going to say and how you are going to say it. THE BURDEN IS ON YOU to be as clear and understandable as possible.
These papers will be graded based on the quality of the content and analysis as well as its written style and overall presentation. Do not be careless. A sloppy paper reflects a sloppy thinker, and the grade for the paper will reflect this. Remember: you will be evaluated for content, style, and quality of analysis. In short, you will be evaluated based upon the level of analysis and understanding demonstrated in your writing.
Some DO's and DONT's.
1. Follow directions and guidelines above. READ MORE THEN ONCE AND CAREFULLY.
2. Have a cover page with your name, the class and essay title. Just staple the paper (no fancy covers please).
3. Avoid the first person (use of "I").
4. Do not identify with the U.S. government (avoid "we", "our", etc.).
5. Have the first paragraph be an introductory paragraph that makes it clear to the reader what topic you are addressing
6. Each paragraph should express one major idea or point.
7. Each paragraph should clearly follow from the previous paragraph.
8. End with a concluding paragraph.
9. The whole essay should be organized so that there is a logical progression from the beginning to end.
10. Footnote all quotes and statements of fact (not just quotes).
11. Check your spelling, grammar, and sentence structure.
12. Keep within the page length limitations.
You are encouraged to get feedback from others and consult The Writing Center in the Humanities Building (7-7078). Have your peers critique your work before you turn it in.
MORE INFORMATION ON THE PAPER OPTIONS WILL BE PROVIDE THROUGH HAND-OUTS IN THE FUTURE.